Physical State, Classification and Properties of Matter

Physical states of matter

=> Solid, liquid, gas.

Physical state	Definite volume	Definite shape	Example
Solid	Yes	Yes	Book, pen
Liquid	Yes	No	Water, milk
Gas	No	No	CO2, Air

Temperature & pressure effect on physical state

            Classification of matter: -

1.       Mixture:

a.       Homogeneous mixture

b.      Heterogeneous mixture

2.       Pure substance:

a.       Elements

b.      Compounds

1.       Mixture: - It contains two or more substances in any ration known as its components.

Ex: - air, tea etc.

a.       Homogeneous mixture:- its components are completely mix with each other and have uniform composition throughout the solution.

Ex:- sugar solution, air.

b.      Heterogeneous mixture:- its components do not have uniform composition throughout solution sometimes different components observed.

Ex:- mixture of salt & sugar, sand & soil.

2.       Pure substances:- these have fixed composition.

Ex:- copper, gold, water etc.

a.       Elements:- It consists of only one type of particles (i.e. atoms or molecules)

Ex:- H₂, O₂, Au, Ag.

b.      Compounds:- It consist of two or more atoms to give a molecule of compound

Ex:- CO₂, NH₃, H₂O.

Properties of matter

1)      Physical properties:- Those properties which can be measured or observed.

2)      Chemical properties:- those properties in which chemical changes occurs.

Ex:- Acidity, Basicity, Combustibility etc.

SI :-  International System of units

=>  Established by 11^th general conference on weight and measures.

=>  Si have seven fundamental units

=>  Other units are divided from seven fundamental units

Mass:- amount of matter in object

=>  1 kg = 1000 gram

Weight: -force on the object by gravity.

Volume:- (length)³

=>  1 L = 1000 ml, 1000 cm³ = 1dm³

Density:- Amount of mass per unit volume.

=>  SI unit :- Kgm^-3

Temperature:- It is the measurement of cooling or warming.

Three scales

=>  ⁰C (Degree Celsius)

=>  ⁰F degree Fahrenheit)

=>  k (Kelvin)

=>  freezing point of water = 0 ⁰C

=>  Boiling point of water = 100 ⁰C

Relationship

Or,

k = ⁰C + 273.15

Precision:- Closeness of various measurement for same quantity.

Accuracy:- It is the agreement of a particular value to the true value of the result.

Significant figure:- The meaningful digits which are known with certainty.