Chemistry Formulas for Atomic Structure
Chemistry Formulas from Bohr’s Model of Atom
· Angular momentum of electron in nth orbit
Where, m = Mass of the electron,
v = velocity
of electron,
r = radius
of the orbit,
h = Planck’s
constant,
n = no. of
orbit in which electron is present,
· Energy of electron in nth orbit
Where, Z = Atomic No. of Electron,
· Energy absorbed or released in an electron jump ( E)
· Radius of orbits of hydrogen like species
For hydrogen atom Z = 1, for first orbit n = 1,
On substituting values of the constants
h = 6.62x10-27erg sec,
m = 9.1x10-28g,
e = 4.8x10-10
we get,
r = 0.529 Å
So, radius of first orbit of
hydrogen atom is 0.529 Å.
· Radius of nth orbits of hydrogen like species
rn = 0.529n2/Z Å
· Velocity of electron in nth orbit
On substituting values of the constants
We get,
· No. of revolution per second made by an electron around the nucleus of atom
· Energy of electron in nth orbit (En)
On substituting values of the constants
We get,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In general,
· Energy of electron in a Hydrogen Atom in different energy levels
Energy
Level
|
E
(Joules/atom)
|
E
(eV/atom)
|
E
(kcal/mol)
|
1
|
-21.79x10-19
|
-13.6
|
-313.5
|
2
|
-5.42x10-19
|
-3.4
|
-78.4
|
3
|
-2.41x10-19
|
-1.51
|
-38.84
|
4
|
-1.36x10-19
|
-0.85
|
-19.6
|
5
|
-0.87x10-19
|
-0.544
|
-12.5
|
Infinite
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
· Frequency or wave length of emitted radiation
Where, λ = wavelength of emitted radiations
R = Rydberg constant for Hydrogen atom
· Number of spectral lines produced when an electron drops from nth level to ground level
Chemistry Formulas from Photoelectric Effect
· Planck’s Relationship,
E = hv
· Total energy,
Total Energy = (mv2/2)
+ w
Where,
w = energy required to remove the electron.
Chemistry Formulas from Wave Mechanical Concept of Atom
· De Broglie’s Equation,
Where, m = mass of particle,
v = velocity of the particle,
h = Planck’s Constant,
or,
Chemistry Formulas from Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
· Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle,
Where,
Also,
Chemistry Formulas from Quantum Numbers
· Principle Quantum Number (n),
Maximum no. of electrons in n principle quantum number = 2n2
· Azimuthal Quantum Number (l),
For the given value of principle quantum number (n), azimuthal quantum number (l), may have all integral values from 0 to (n-1)
· Magnetic Quantum Number (m),
No.
of orbitals in a sub-shell = 2 l
+1
· Spin Quantum Number (s),
For
spinning of electron about its own axis