Density

DENSITY

Density of many samples is measured in labs for example in unites states oil and gas industry, they define density in general way as 'weight per unit volume' although 'weight per unit volume' is not density it is 'Specific Weight' so density is 'mass per unit volume'. Density is also known as "Volumetric Mass Density". Generally different materials have different density. Chemical element Osmium (Os having atomic number 76) is naturally occurring densest element. To simplify the comparison of densities of different materials or liquids it is needed to replace density with "relative density" as relative density is dimensionless quantity. Relative Density is also called "Specific Gravity". Specific gravity or relative density is the ratio of density of sample material to the density of standard material. Generally water is taken as standard material. If we take water as standard material than if we get relative density of a material is less than '1' means that material floats in water. Water has highest density at 4 °C i.e. 1000Kg/m³.

Density of material depends on the temperature and pressure. Effect of temperature and pressure is very less on solid and liquid but effect of temperature and pressure is very high on gases. If we increase pressure on given material than its volume get decrease that result in increase in density, similarly If we decrease pressure on given material than its volume get increase that result in decrease in density. And in case of temperature, if we increase temperature on given material than its volume get increase that result in decrease in density, similarly if we decrease temperature on given material than its volume get decrease that result in increase in density. But their are some exceptions which do not follow these rules, one of them is water means when temperature of water decreases than it makes solid ice which float on liquid water as ice have less density than liquid water i.e. Density of ice is 916.7 Kg/m³ at 0 °C, and water has a density of 999.8 Kg/m³ at 0 °C.

Definition of Density

                           Density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume.

Symbol of Density

                             Symbol of density is 'ρ' or 'D' and pronounces as 'rho'.

Formula of Density

                             Density = Mass/Volume

or,

           ρ = m/V

where,

           ρ is density, m is mass and V is volume.

• When numerator (mass) is much larger than denominator (volume) in density formula, that shows the given substance has higher density, but when denominator (volume) is much larger than the numerator (mass), that shows the given substance has lower density.

SI Unit of Density

                             SI Unit of Density is Kg/m³ or g/cm³

Instruments used to measure Density

Hydrometer and Thermometer is used to measure the density of liquids.

Hydrometer

Hydrometer dip in mineral oil and engine oil to measure the Density of these samples

Density Chart
Material	Density (Kg/m3)	Remark
Air	1.2	At sea level
Milk	1027 to 1033	At 20 oC
Honey	1420	At 20 oC
Coconut Oil	925	At 15 oC
Cotton Seed Oil	926	At 16 oC
Olive Oil	918	At 15 oC
Sunflower Oil	919	At 20 oC
Rice Bran Oil	918	At 20 oC
Groundnut Oil	913	At 20 oC
Liquid Hydrogen	70	At about -255 oC
Ice	916.7	At 0 oC
Fresh Water	1000	At 4 oC
Plastics	1175	Approx for PVC
Glycerol	1261	Also called Glycerine or Glycerin
Aluminium	2700	Chief ore of Aluminium is Bauxite
Diamond	3500	Precious stone
Zinc	7000	Zinc is found in cells throughout the body.
Iron	7870	Used since ancient times
Cobalt	8900	Found in the Earth's crust only in chemically combined form
Nickel	8900	Silvery-white lustrous metal
copper	8940	Very high thermal and electrical conductivity
Silver	10500	Highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity
Lead	11340	Soft, malleable, and heavy metal
Mercury	13546	Only metallic element that is liquid at room temperature
Uranium	18800	weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable
Iridium	22420	Densest naturally occurring element
Osmium	22570	Densest naturally occurring element