Chemistry Podcast

Saturday, 25 March 2017

Pharmaceutical Chemistry MCQs Part17

Pharmaceutical Chemistry MCQs


Science Quiz by www.ChemistryNotesInfo.com

Pharmaceutical Chemistry MCQ
These are some of the random multiple question answers from Pharmaceutical Chemistry...

1. Sulfonamide metabolism in human body is carried out by:

Oxidation
Conjugation
Methylation
Acetylation


2. H2 gas is produced, when ______ is added to water:

LiH
CH4
NH3
H2S


3. _____ is Anti-hypertensive drug with a Tetrazole ring:

Clonidine
Valsartan
Carbapenams
Captopril


4. ____ blocks H2 receptors:

Mepayramine
Pyrilamine
Diphenhydramine
Cimetidine


5. In which of the following drug the pharmacological activity of the drug is associated with a specific optical isomer:

Aspirin
Adrenaline
Caffeine
Phenobarbitone


6. Oxidation of Galactose with concentrated H2SO4 yields the:

Gluconic Acid
Glucuronic Acid
Mucic Acid
Saccharic Acid


7. _______ functional group is responsible for the instability of the Aspirin:

Ester Functional Group
Alcohol Functional Group
Ketone Functional Group
Ether Functional Group


8. ______ is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins in the human body:

Arachidonic Acid
Stearic Acid
Lignoceric Acid
Myristic Acid


9. Chemical shift in the Nuclear magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is expressed by:

mm/mL
Parts Per Million
Ampere
1/cm


10. Which of the following ultraviolet region is used in the drug analysis:

50-200 nm
200-400 nm
400-600 nm
600-800 nm



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Thursday, 16 March 2017

Humidity

What is Humidity?

The simple meaning of humidity is ‘atmospheric moisture’ or ‘amount of water vapor in the atmosphere’.
what is humidity
 Humidity is the amount of water vapors present in the atmosphere (or air). Water vapors are the gaseous state of water and are invisible.
 Humidity can be measured by three ways that are: absolute, relative and specific.
    1.   Absolute humidity is the water content of air in the gram per cubic meter at a given temperature.
     2.   Relative humidity is expressed in percentage, and it measures the current absolute humidity relative to the maximum humidity for that temperature.
    3.   Specific humidity is expressed as the ratio of the mass of the water vapors to the total mass of moist air parcel.

What is Absolute Humidity?

To understand absolute humidity let’s assume you are standing in ground and you collect some air. Now you check that air volume in your chemistry lab and get accurate amount of water vapors in gram. If you collect 1 cubic meter of air volume and it contains 30 gram water vapors than absolute humidity of that ground air is 30 grams per cubic meter. So, now you answer this question i.e. what is absolute humidity.
Absolute humidity (AH) is defined as the total mass (in gram) of water vapor present in a given volume (in cubic meter) of air. Absolute Humidity changes with changes in air temperature and pressure. Absolute humidity is the mass of the water vapors( m H 2 O ) {\displaystyle (m_{H_{2}O})} divided by the volume of the air and water vapor mixture.
AH = m/V
Where, AH = Absolute humidity,
             m = mass of the water vapors( m H 2 O ) {\displaystyle (m_{H_{2}O})},
             V = volume of the air and water vapor mixture.


What is Relative Humidity?

To understand relative humidity let’s assume you are in a building where air absolute humidity is 15 grams per cubic meter at 25 degree Celsius temperature and at 25 degree Celsius temperature highest amount of water vapors is 30 grams per cubic meter (saturated air with water vapors 15 grams per cubic meter). So, now you can calculate relative humidity as follows:
Relative humidity = (15 grams per cubic meter / 30 grams per cubic meter)x100
                            RH = 50%
So, now you answer this question i.e. what is relative humidity.
Relative humidity (RH) is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapors to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. If temperature of the atmosphere is lower than relative humidity is higher as cold air (air with low temperature) holds more water vapors (moisture) but, If temperature of the atmosphere is higher than relative humidity is lower as hot air (air with high temperature) holds less water vapors (moisture).

What is Specific Humidity?

To understand specific humidity let’s assume you have an air parcel (air volume or some amount of air) and this parcel contains 10 gram mass of water vapors and total mass of air is 1 kg (including mass of all gases present in air and mass of water vapors) than specific humidity is 10 gram per kilogram. So, now you answer this question i.e. what is specific humidity.
Specific Humidity is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapors in air to the total mass of the mixture of air and water vapors.
Specific Humidity = mass of water vapor/total mass of air

Difference between Humidity and Relative Humidity

Before going to discuss about “Difference between Humidity and Relative Humidity” we need to understand that what is humidity and what is relative humidity. And to get answer of these two questions just read above paragraph once again if you don’t understand.
Humidity is the amount of water vapors present in the atmosphere (or air). Relative humidity is expressed in percentage, and it measures the current absolute humidity relative to the maximum humidity for that temperature.


Sunday, 5 March 2017

Pharma Interview Questions Answers

General Questions Answers asked during interview in pharmaceuticals manufacturing companies
Pharmaceutical companies Interview Questions Answers
Question: What is GMP?
Answer: GMP is a system for ensuring that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards. It is designed to minimize the risks involved in any pharmaceutical production that cannot be eliminated through testing the final product.

Question: What is GDP?
Answer: Good documentation practice GDP is a systematic procedure of preparation, reviewing, approving, issuing, recording, storing and archival of any document.

Question: Importance of Visual inspection?
Answer: Visual inspection is an essential operation in parenteral drug production to ensure the safety of the drug product in its container.

Question: Type of defects?
Answer: Critical, major minor.
 Critical- crack, missing stopper, particles inside container.
Major- Sealing defects, broken container, volume variation.
Minor- stain on container, scratch on container, cosmetic.

Question: Where you perform visual inspection?
Answer: At visual inspection hood in visual inspection area

Question: How you measure light intensity of hood light source?
Answer: Using lux meter.

Question: What is lux ?
Answer: The lux (lx) is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, measuring luminous flux per unit area. It is equal to one lumen per square metre.

Question: what Lux range used in pharmaceuticals inspection?
Answer: 2000-3750 Lux

Question: what is deviation?
Answer: Departure from standard stablish procedure is known as deviation.

Question: What is Media?
Answer: Substance which promotes growth of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungus.

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