Solid State Chemistry MCQ Part 23

Solid State Chemistry MCQs

These are 20 selected MCQs from Solid State Chemistry which are very important and asked in various exams like AMU, KCET, MP CET, CBSE, Karnataka CEE, MP PMT, Kerala MEE, MP PET, AIIMS, BHU, IIT, EAMCET, NCERT, CPMT, AIEEE, CETMP, Pb PMT, AFMC.

MCQ-1.  In Solids, the constituent particles may be :

  Ions
  Atoms
  Molecules
  Either of the above three

MCQ-2.  In a Crystal, atoms are located at position of the :

  Maximum P.E.
  Minimum P.E.
  Infinite P.E.
  Zero P.E.

MCQ-3.  When identical spheres in the adjacent rows have a vertical as well as horizontal alignment in a way that each sphere has 4 nearest neighbours, This type of pattern is known as :

  Cubic Close Packing
  Body Centred Cubic Packing
  Hexagonal Close Packing
  Square Close Packing

MCQ-4.  The space occupied in BCC arrangement is :

  68 %
  60.8 %
  78 %
  74 %

MCQ-5.  Which of the following have HCP structure :

  Al
  Mg
  Ni
  Cu

MCQ-6.  Pottasium crystalizes in a BCC lattice, hence the coordination number of pottasium in pottasium metal is :

  8
  6
  4
  0

MCQ-7.  In CCP arrangement the coordination number of each sphere is :

  6
  8
  12
  14

MCQ-8.  The number of molecules in a unit structure of NaCl are :

  1
  6
  4
  3

MCQ-9.  The number of molecules of CsCl in a unit structure will be :

  1
  8
  2
  4

MCQ-10.  The total no. of 3 fold axes of symmetry in CCP arrangement is :

  1
  2
  4
  6

MCQ-11.  A match box exibits :

  Cubic Geometry
  Monoclinic Geometry
  Orthorombic Geometry
  Tetragonal Geometry

MCQ-12.  Which of the following is a molecular crystal :

  Ice
  Graphite
  SiC
  NaCl

MCQ-13.  Diamond is :

  Molecular Crystal
  Metallic Crystal
  Covalent Crystal
  Ionic Crystal

MCQ-14.  NaCl is a example of :

  Molecular Solid
  Metallic Solid
  Covalent Solid
  Ionic Solid

MCQ-15.  Schottky defect is found in which of the following :

  MgCl₂
  TiCl
  KCl
  NaCl

MCQ-16.  Frenkel defect is found in which of the following :

  NaBr
  TiBr
  CuBr
  AgBr

MCQ-17.  Which of the following defect causes decrease in density of the crystal :

  Frenkel Defect
  Schottky Defect
  F-Centre Defect
  Interstitial Defect

MCQ-18.  Which of the following substance will conduct the current in Solid State :

  Iodine
  Graphite
  Diamond
  Sodium Chloride

MCQ-19.  On adding a little amount of phosphorus to silicon, We get :

  Insulator
  Mettalic Conductor
  n-type semiconductor
  p-type semiconductor

MCQ-20.  Semiconductors are derived from compounds of :

  Lanthanides
  Actinides
  p-block elements
  Transition elements

To learn more about Solid State Chemistry read our notes on Solid state chemistry...

12 Class Chapter 1- Solid State Chemistry

Solid State Chemistry

Solid: - 

        Matter which posses rigidity having definite shape &volume is called solid.

Types of solid:-

1.      Crystalline Solid :- Eg:- Metals And Non metals

2.      Amorphous Solid :- Eg:- Rubber ,Glass ,Plastic

Difference and Comparison between of characteristics

Crystalline Solid: - 

                           Contain regular arrangement having short range & as well as long range order.

Definite geometric shape, Sharpe melting point, they have definite heat fusion, they undergo clean cleavage, and they are true solid.

Amorphous Solid: - 

                         Containing irregular arrangement having short range order only, irregular shape, melting over range of temp, they do not have definite heat of fusion they undergo an irregular cut they are pseudo solid or super cooled solid.

Classification of crystalline solid:-

   1. Ionic Solid 

2. Molecular Solid

3. Covalent of network Solid

4. Metallic Solid

1. Ionic solid: - 

                     In these crystalline solids, constituent particle are positive or negative ion held together by columbic or electrostatic forces of attraction.

Eg:-NaCl, Mgo

Read more...

SI Units - Basic Chemistry in Hindi Part 1

SI Units - Basic Chemistry in Hindi Part 1

SI Units - Basic Chemistry in Hindi Part 1
In this video we learn about SI System of units. We learn about 7 basic SI units, derived units, international system of units. In this video of Basic chemistry we get all information about SI units Which are used in physic and chemistry science experiments.
Watch this video below or at YouTube Link : https://youtu.be/eR6SCVLrVPE

by- www.ChemistryNotesInfo.com

SI System

7 SI Base Units

Base physical quantity	Symbol for quantity	SI units name	SI units symbol
Length	l	Metre	m
Mass	m	Kilogram	Kg
Time	t	Second	s
Current	I	Ampere	A
Temperature	T	Kelvin	K
Amount of substance	n	Mole	Mol
Luminous intensity	Iv	candela	Cd

Prefixes for SI Units

Multiple	Prefix	Symbol
10-24	Yocto	y
10-21	Zepto	z
10-18	Atto	a
10-15	Femto	f
10-12	Pico	p
10-9	Nano	n
10-6	Micro	m
10-3	Milli	m
10-2	Centi	c
10-1	Deci	d
10	Deca	da
102	Hecto	h
103	Kilo	k
106	Mega	M
109	Giga	G
1012	Tera	T
1015	Peta	P
1018	Exa	E
1021	Zeta	Z
1024	yotto	Y

Extraction of Essential Oil by Steam Distillation of Tulsi (Ocimum Basillicum)

Extraction of Essential Oil by Steam Distillation of Tulsi (Ocimum Basillicum)

Essential oils are insoluble in water and evaporate easily. We can obtain essential oil from plant tissues by distillation or extraction processes. Generally essential oils are obtain from every part of plant like stem, root, leaves, flowers, seed, branches etc. And these essential oils are used in the preparation of drugs, cosmetics and perfumes.

Ocimum Basillicum means Tulsi is an aromatic plant. Ocimum Basillicum is used to obtain essential oil useful for different application. This oil evaporates within 24 hours after applying it to our body. This essential oil helps in cure of digestion problem, strained muscles, headaches and nervous breakdowns. Due to its good medicinal properties and aroma its demand is very high in many countries. A person or company can build a small or large scale industry for the extraction of essential oil from Ocimum Basillicum (Tulsi).

Top 10 General qualitative properties of Ocimum Basillicum essential oil are given below-

1.  Appearance : Transparent fluid

2.  Color : Pale yellow

3.  Fragrance : Ocimum Basillicum’s distinctive flavor and fragrance

4.  Refractive Index on 20°C : 1.51200 to1.51900

5.  Specific Gravity on 25°C : 0.95200 to 0.97300

6.  Optical gyration on 25°C : [-] 8.85º to [-] 11.85º

7.  Well mixed with Hydroxycitronellal

8.  Insoluble in water

9.  Dissolved in paraffin oil

How to obtain oil from holi Tulsi plant?

The extraction of essential oil by steam distillation of ocimum basillicum (Tulsi) is a solid-liquid extraction process. This process completes in following steps-

1.  Collect plant material and dry it if required.

2.  Fill this plant material in distillation vessel.

3.  Add water or solvent (like Ethanol, n-Hexane) in distillation vessel.

4.  Heat the mixture in well-equipped distillation vessel in control environment and controlled temperature, then

5.  Diffusion of essential oil from inside of solid material of plant to its surface occurs, then

6.  Transfer of mass from surface of plant solid material to surrounding liquid occurs, then

7.  This liquid contains essential oil which is obtained by reverse cooler.

8.  Then the collection of above liquid obtained from reverse cooler is put to stand for some time then essential oil come over water, then

9.  We perform layer separation to separate out essential oil from water, then

10.              Store this essential oil in dark, closed vessel for future use.

The experimental results proves that yield of essential oil of Tulsi (Ocimum-Basillicum)  from only leaves of plant is slightly higher than from the mixture of leaves and stems (means plant crush).

GATE Syllabus for Chemistry (CY)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Structure:Quantum theory: principles and techniques; applications to a particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor and hydrogen atom; valence bond and molecular orbital theories, Hückel approximation; approximate techniques: variation and perturbation; symmetry, point groups; rotational, vibrational, electronic, NMR, and ESR spectroscopy

Equilibrium: Kinetic theory of gases; First law of thermodynamics, heat, energy, and work; second law of thermodynamics and entropy; third law and absolute entropy; free energy; partial molar quantities; ideal and non-ideal solutions; phase transformation: phase rule and phase diagrams – one, two, and three component systems; activity, activity coefficient, fugacity, and fugacity coefficient; chemical equilibrium, response of chemical equilibrium to temperature and pressure; colligative properties; Debye-Hückel theory; thermodynamics of electrochemical cells; standard electrode potentials: applications – corrosion and energy conversion; molecular partition function (translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic).

Kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions, temperature dependence of chemical reactions; elementary, consecutive, and parallel reactions; steady state approximation; theories of reaction rates – collision and transition state theory, relaxation kinetics, kinetics of photochemical reactions and free radical polymerization, homogeneous catalysis, adsorption isotherms and heterogeneous catalysis. 

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Main group elements: General characteristics, allotropes, structure and reactions of simple and industrially important compounds: boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Hydrides, oxides and oxoacids of pnictogens (N, P), chalcogens (S, Se & Te) and halogens, xenon compounds, pseudo halogens and interhalogen compounds. Shapes of molecules and hard- soft acid base concept. Structure and Bonding (VBT) of B, Al, Si, N, P, S, Cl compounds. Allotropes of carbon: graphite, diamond, C60. Synthesis and reactivity of inorganic polymers of Si and P.

Transition Elements: General characteristics of d and f block elements; coordination chemistry: structure and isomerism, stability, theories of metal- ligand bonding (CFT and LFT), mechanisms of substitution and electron transfer reactions of coordination complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic properties of transition metal complexes, lanthanides and actinides. Metal carbonyls, metal- metal bonds and metal atom clusters, metallocenes; transition metal complexes with bonds to hydrogen, alkyls, alkenes and arenes; metal carbenes; use of organometallic compounds as catalysts in organic synthesis. Bioinorganic chemistry of Na, K. Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Zn, Cu and Mo.

Solids:Crystal systems and lattices, miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects; Bragg’s Law, ionic crystals, band theory, metals and semiconductors, Different structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 compounds, spinels.

Instrumental methods of analysis: Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy including ICP-AES, UV- visible spectrophotometry, NMR,

mass, Mossbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn), ESR spectroscopy, chromatography including GC and HPLC and electro-analytical methods

(Coulometry, cyclic voltammetry, polarography– amperometry, and ion selective electrodes). 

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Stereochemistry: Chirality of organic molecules with or without chiral centres. Specification of configuration in compounds having one or more stereogeniccentres. Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces. Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis. Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Geometrical isomerism. Configurational and conformational effects on reactivity and selectivity/specificity.

Reaction mechanism: Methods of determining reaction mechanisms. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions and additions to multiple bonds. Elimination reactions. Reactive intermediates- carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes, free radicals. Molecular rearrangements involving electron deficient atoms.

Organic synthesis: Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following-alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halides, nitro compounds and amines. Use of compounds of Mg, Li, Cu, B and Si inorganic synthesis. Concepts in multistep synthesis- retrosynthetic analysis, disconnections, synthons, synthetic equivalents, reactivity umpolung, selectivity, protection and deprotection of functional groups.

Pericyclic reactions: Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital correlation, FMO and PMO treatments.

Photochemistry: Basic principles. Photochemistry of alkenes, carbonyl compounds, and arenes. Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-π- methane rearrangement, Barton reaction.

Heterocyclic compounds: Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole and their derivatives.

Biomolecules: Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, structural features of proteins, nucleic-acids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids.

Spectroscopy: Principles and applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometry in the determination of structures of organic molecules.

Pattern for Single Paper MCQ test- NET Chemistry

UGC NET Chemistry (CY) Exam Patter

• The MCQ test paper of chemistry shall carry maximum of 200 marks.

• This exam shall be for duration of 3hrs.

• The question paper shall be divided in three parts i.e.
  Part 'A' , Part 'B', Part 'C'

Part wise description of paper

• Part 'A' shall be common to all subjects. This part shall be a test containing a maximum of 20 questions of General Aptitude. The candidates shall be required to answer any 15 questions of two marks each. The total marks allocated to this section shall be 30 out of 200

• Part 'B' shall   contain subject-related conventional MCQs. The total marks allocated to this section shall be 70 out of 200. The maximum number of questions to be attempted shall be in the range of 20-35. 

• Part 'C' shall contain higher value questions that may test the candidate's knowledge of scientific concepts and/or application of the scientific concepts. The questions shall be of analytical nature where a candidate is expected to apply the scientific knowledge to arrive at the solution to the given scientific problem.  The total marks allocated to this section shall be 100 out of 200.

• Negative marking for wrong answers. 

DOWNLOAD MODEL QUESTION PAPER

PART 'A' GENERAL APTITUDE

PART 'B' & PART 'C' CHEMICAL SCIENCES 
 

CSIR-UGC NET SYLLABUS FOR CHEMICAL SCIENCES PAPER I AND PAPER II

CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) for Junior Research

Fellowship and Lecturer-ship

SYLLABUS FOR

CHEMICAL SCIENCES

PAPER I AND PAPER II

  

Physical Chemistry :

1. Basic principles and applications

of quantum mechanics – hydrogen atom,

angular momentum.

2. Variational and perturbational methods.

3. Basics of atomic structure, electronic

configuration, shapes of orbitals, hydrogen

atom spectra.

4. Theoretical treatment of atomic

structures and chemical bonding.

5. Chemical applications of group theory.

6. Basic principles and application of

spectroscopy – rotational, vibrational,

electronic, Raman, ESR, NMR.

7. Chemical thermodynamics.

8. Phase equilibria.

9. Statistical thermodynamics.

10. Chemical equilibria.

11. Electrochemistry – Nernst equation, elect

rode kinetics, electrical double layer,

Debye-Hückel theory.

12. Chemical kinetics – empirical rate laws,

Arrhenius equation, theories of reaction

rates, determination of reaction mech

anisms, experimental techniques

for fast reactions.

13. Concepts of catalysis.

14. Polymer chemistry. Molecular weights

and their determinations. Kinetics of

chain polymerization.

15. Solids - structural classification of

binary and ternary compounds, diffraction

techniques, bonding, thermal, elect

rical and magnetic properties

16. Collids and surface phenomena.

17. Data analysis.

Inorganic Chemistry :

1. Chemical periodicity

2. Structure and bonding in homo- and heter

onuclear molecules, including shapes of

molecules.

3. Concepts of acids and bases.

4. Chemistry of the main group elements

and their compounds. A

llotropy, synthesis,

bonding and structure.

5. Chemistry of transition elements and

coordination compounds – bonding theories,

spectral and magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms.

6. Inner transition elements – spectral

and magnetic properties, analytical

applications.

7. Organometallic compounds - synthesis,

bonding and structure, and reactivity.

Organometallics in homogenous catalysis.

8. Cages and metal clusters.

9. Analytical chemistry- separation

techniques. Spectroscopic electro- and

thermoanalytical methods.

10. Bioinorganic chemistry – photosystems, porphyrines, metalloenzymes, oxygen

transport, electron- transfer

reactions, nitrogen fixation.

11. Physical characterisation of inorga

nic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR,

Mössbauer, UV-, NQR, MS, electron spect

roscopy and microscopic techniques.

12. Nuclear chemistry – nuclear reactions

, fission and fusion, radio-analytical

techniques and ac

tivation analysis.

Organic Chemistry :

1. IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.

2. Principles of stereochemistry, conforma

tional analysis, isomerism and chirality.

3. Reactive intermediates and

organic reaction mechanisms.

4. Concepts of aromaticity.

5. Pericyclic reactions.

6. Named reactions.

7. Transformations and rearrangements.

8. Principles and applications of orga

nic photochemistry. Free radical reactions.

9. Reactions involving nucle

ophotic carbon intermediates.

10. Oxidation and reduction of functional groups.

11. Common reagents (organic, inorganic a

nd organometallic) in organic synthesis.

12. Chemistry of natural products such as

steroids, alkaloids, terpenes, peptides,

carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids.

13. Selective organic transformations

– chemoselectivity, regioselectivity,

stereoselectivity, enantiosele

ctivity. Protecting groups.

14. Chemistry of aromatic and a

liphatic heterocy

clic compounds.

15. Physical characterisation of organic compounds by IR, UV-, MS, and NMR.

Interdisciplinary topics :

1. Chemistry in nanoscience and technology.

2. Catalysis and green chemistry.

3. Medicinal chemistry.

4. Supramolecular chemistry.

5. Environmental chemistry.

 

Download PDF File of NET Syllabus of Chemistry " Download Now "


Model Questions Papers of CSIR UGC NET for Part B and C of All Subjects.

1.	GENERAL SCIENCES -PART A (COMMON)
2.	CHEMICAL SCIENCES-PART B & C
3.	EARTH SCIENCES -PART B & C
4.	LIFE SCIENCES -PART B & C
5.	MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES -PART B & C
6.	PHYSICAL SCIENCES -PART B & C
7.	ENGINEERING SCIENCES -PART B & C

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