Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 – Elephant’s Toothpaste Experiment

Catalytic Decomposition of H₂O₂ – Elephant’s Toothpaste Experiment

Elephant's toothpaste is a foamy substance formed as a result of rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Elephant’s toothpaste reaction experiment is generally used for classroom demonstrations as it requires fewer ingredients and makes a "volcano of foam".

Description:

H₂O₂ is decomposed by Iodide Ion. Iodide ion is used as a catalyst and these iodide ions come from KI (Potassium Iodide) or NaI (Sodium Iodide). This decomposition reaction liberates water, oxygen and heat.

Materials:

30% H₂O₂ (Hydrogen Peroxide)

1 Liter Graduated cylinder

KI (Potassium Iodide) or NaI (Sodium Iodide).

Food Color for fun

Liquid Dish Detergent

Procedure:

1.  Pour 50 mL of 30% H₂O₂ (Hydrogen Peroxide) in 1 L graduated cylinder.

2.  Then, add 3-4 drops of food color in 1 L graduated cylinder to make colored H₂O₂ solution.

3.  Then, start adding liquid dish detergent or soap from the side of 1 L graduated cylinder to make a small layer of liquid dish detergent or soap over colored H₂O₂ solution.

4.  With the help of small beaker add KI or NaI in the cylinder containing H₂O₂ solution. As a result of reaction, oxygen gas generated and this gas creates large amount of colored foam. This foam comes out of graduated cylinder.

Discussion:

Decomposition of H₂O₂ (Hydrogen Peroxide) yields O₂ (oxygen) and H₂O (water). Reaction is catalyzed by I^- (Iodide Ion); These Iodide Ion comes from KI or NaI

Reaction-

H₂O₂ (Aq) + I^-1 (Aq) ---> H₂O (liquid) + IO^- (Aq)

IO^- (Aq) + H₂O₂ (Aq) ---> H₂O (liquid) +O₂ (g) + I^- (Aq)

Overall Reaction-

2H₂O₂ (Aq) ---> 2H₂O (liquid) +O₂ (g)

Safety:

Wear proper protective equipment likes hand-gloves and safety goggles when preparing and demonstrating this experiment. Remember concentrated H₂O₂ (Hydrogen Peroxide) can cause burns.

Video of Catalytic Decomposition of H₂O₂ – Elephant’s Toothpaste Experiment:

Chemical Test

In Chemistry, Chemical Test are performed to measure or analyze Biochemical, Organic and Inorganic elements and chemical compounds. Chemical testing of water, chemical composition analysis of any compound, chemical test for organic compounds, chemical test for inorganic compounds, chemical test for functional groups, elemental analysis, chemical testing of food for its ingredients and to detect presence of any sort of insecticide pesticide in it, chemical test perform in chemistry labs etc are the some examples where we perform chemical tests. Now we think you have now somewhat idea to give answer of question what is chemical test?

What is Chemical Test

In the scientific field of chemistry, chemical tests are the methods to detect the presence and amount of chemical compound or chemical group with the help of some chemicals or reagent. Chemical tests are performed according to chemical testing methods in chemical testing labs for elemental analysis and chemical composition analysis.

Chemical Test Definition

Chemical test is a qualitative or quantitative method intended to confirm the presence and amount of a chemical compound or chemical group with the help of chemicals or specific reagent.

Chemical Testing Methods

Chemical testing methods are step by step procedure to perform some sort of chemical tests. These procedures are written and proven for its quality testing to deliver results with high accuracy. Generally chemical testing labs have SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures), these SOPs provide step by step guidance to a chemist to perform specific test.

Chemical Analysis Methods

Their are so many chemical analysis methods, below is the list of some of them-

Acid Test 

                Test which are performed with the help of acids like Acid Test of Gold.

Barfoed's Test 

                      It is a chemical test performed to detect the presence of monosaccharides in the sample

Bromine Test 

                  In organic chemistry, It is a qualitative test to detect the presence of unsaturation ( means carbon-to-carbon double bonds or carbon-to-carbon triple bonds) and phenols.

Carbylamine Reaction

It is also known as Hoffman's Isocyanide Test. This chemical test is performed to detect primary amines.

Flame Test

                In inorganic chemistry, Flame test is performed to detect metals, elements or chemical compounds as they produce some characteristic colors.

Chemistry Notes in Hindi Medium

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Extraction of Essential Oil by Steam Distillation of Tulsi (Ocimum Basillicum)

Extraction of Essential Oil by Steam Distillation of Tulsi (Ocimum Basillicum)

Essential oils are insoluble in water and evaporate easily. We can obtain essential oil from plant tissues by distillation or extraction processes. Generally essential oils are obtain from every part of plant like stem, root, leaves, flowers, seed, branches etc. And these essential oils are used in the preparation of drugs, cosmetics and perfumes.

Ocimum Basillicum means Tulsi is an aromatic plant. Ocimum Basillicum is used to obtain essential oil useful for different application. This oil evaporates within 24 hours after applying it to our body. This essential oil helps in cure of digestion problem, strained muscles, headaches and nervous breakdowns. Due to its good medicinal properties and aroma its demand is very high in many countries. A person or company can build a small or large scale industry for the extraction of essential oil from Ocimum Basillicum (Tulsi).

Top 10 General qualitative properties of Ocimum Basillicum essential oil are given below-

1.  Appearance : Transparent fluid

2.  Color : Pale yellow

3.  Fragrance : Ocimum Basillicum’s distinctive flavor and fragrance

4.  Refractive Index on 20°C : 1.51200 to1.51900

5.  Specific Gravity on 25°C : 0.95200 to 0.97300

6.  Optical gyration on 25°C : [-] 8.85º to [-] 11.85º

7.  Well mixed with Hydroxycitronellal

8.  Insoluble in water

9.  Dissolved in paraffin oil

How to obtain oil from holi Tulsi plant?

The extraction of essential oil by steam distillation of ocimum basillicum (Tulsi) is a solid-liquid extraction process. This process completes in following steps-

1.  Collect plant material and dry it if required.

2.  Fill this plant material in distillation vessel.

3.  Add water or solvent (like Ethanol, n-Hexane) in distillation vessel.

4.  Heat the mixture in well-equipped distillation vessel in control environment and controlled temperature, then

5.  Diffusion of essential oil from inside of solid material of plant to its surface occurs, then

6.  Transfer of mass from surface of plant solid material to surrounding liquid occurs, then

7.  This liquid contains essential oil which is obtained by reverse cooler.

8.  Then the collection of above liquid obtained from reverse cooler is put to stand for some time then essential oil come over water, then

9.  We perform layer separation to separate out essential oil from water, then

10.              Store this essential oil in dark, closed vessel for future use.

The experimental results proves that yield of essential oil of Tulsi (Ocimum-Basillicum)  from only leaves of plant is slightly higher than from the mixture of leaves and stems (means plant crush).