Chemistry Podcast

Sunday, 27 November 2016

Science Quiz Part12

Science Quiz on Measuring Devices

Chemistry GK by www.ChemistryNotesInfo.com
Science Quiz, Chemistry Quiz, Chemistry GK, Chemistry MCQ, Science GK, Science MCQ, SPECTROPHOTOMETER
This Science Quiz part12 is based on different measuring devices or measuring instruments used in the field of Science.

1. Intensity of the light as a function of the wavelength is measured by:

Spectrometer
Spectrophotometer
Spectroscopy
Color Spectrophotometer


2. Properties of light is measured by:

Spectrometer
Spectrophotometer
Spectroscopy
Color Spectrophotometer


3. Seismic waves (during earthquakes) is measured by:

Seismic Waves Meter
Surface Buoys
Seismometer
Underwater Sensors


4. Amount of the sugar in a solution is measured by:

Saccharometer
Sugar Meter
Glucometer
Sugar Tester


5. Length is measured by:

Ruler
Insurance
Classes
Degree


6. Response to applied forces is measured by:

Watt-hour meter
Q meter
Rheometer
Rotameter


7. Sugar concentration of the sap & syrup is measured by:

Hygrometer
RF/Microwave
Refractometer
Hydrometer


8. Radiant flux of the electromagnetic radiation is measured by:

Radiometer
Electromagnetic Radiationmeter
Audiometer
Electrometer


9. Thickness of the deposited thin films is measured by:

QC Lab Microbalance
Standard Films Microbalance
Quartz Microbalance
Quartz Crystal Microbalance


10. High temperatures is measured by:

Thermometer
Pyrometer
Hygrometer
Pyranometer



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Saturday, 26 November 2016

Science Quiz Part11

Science Quiz

Chemistry GK by www.ChemistryNotesInfo.com
This Science Quiz part11 is based on different measuring devices or measuring instruments used in the field of Science.
Science Quiz

1. Osmotic strength of the solution, colloid is measured by:

Osmosisindicator
pH Meter
Osmometer
Rotameter


2. pH is measured by:

Pyrometer
pH Meter
Ohmmeter
Berometer


3. Illuminance or irradiance is measured by:

Photometer
Light Meter
Quadrat
Load Cell


4. Rotation of polarized light is measured by:

Photometer
Light Meter
Quadrat
Polarimeter


5. Voltage is measured by:

Potentiometer
Orchidometer
Ohmmeter
Ammeter


6. Surface roughness is measured by:

Mass Spectrometer
Mass Flow Meter
Nephelometer
Profilometer


7. Angles is measured by:

Hydrometer
Protractor
Scale
Inkometer


8. Humidity is measured by:

Hydrometer
Glucometer
Psychrometer
Electrometer


9. Fluid density is measured by:

Potentiometer
Pycnometer
Psychrometer
Interferometer


10. Solar radiation is measured by:

Thermometer
Rotameter
Rular
Pyranometer




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Thursday, 17 November 2016

Chemistry GK Part10

Science General Knowledge

Chemistry GK by www.ChemistryNotesInfo.com
This chemistry GK part10 is based on different measuring devices or measuring instruments used in chemistry and science.

Q1. Measurement of force is measured by
Load Cell

  • Load Meter
  • Mass Cell
  • Weight Cell
  • Load Cell
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q1: Load Cell

Q2. Intensity of light is measured by

  • Lux Meter
  • Light Meter
  • Photometer
  • Disdrometer
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q2: Lux Meter

Q3. The mass flow rate of a fluid traveling through the tube is measured by

  • Fluid Flow Meter
  • Volume Flow Meter
  • Mass flow meter
  • Volume Flow Gauge
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q3: Mass flow meter

Q4. ______ is used in measurement of strength of magnetic fields

  • Polometer
  • Bolometer
  • Magnetometer
  • Radiometer
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q4: Magnetometer

Q5. The masses of ions, used to identify chemical substance or chemical substances through their mass spectra is measured by

  • Optical Emission Spectrometer
  • Mass Spectrometer
  • Modular Spectrometer
  • UV-Visible Spectrometer
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q5: Mass Spectrometer

Q6. ____ device is used to measure electrical potential, resistance, and current

  • Multimeter
  • Potentiometer
  • Digital Multimeter
  • Analog Multimeter
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q6: Multimeter

Q7. _______ is use to measure atmospheric pressure

  • Atmosphere Barometer
  • Arab Barometer
  • Mercury Barometer
  • Air Barometer
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q7: Mercury Barometer

Q8. Device use to measure the speed and direction of clouds

  • Nephoscope
  • Nephoscoper
  • Mirror Nephoscope
  • Nefoscope
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q8: Nephoscope

Q9. ______ is use to measure electrical resistance

  • Chemical Resistance Meter
  • Shunt
  • Resistance Meter
  • Ohm Meter
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q9: Ohmmeter

Q10. Oscillations is measured by

    Science Quiz
  • Oscillator
  • Vectorscope
  • Oscilloscope
  • Oscillometer
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q10: Oscilloscope

We publish some chemistry general knowledge question-answer (Chemistry MCQs) to increase your chemical science GK.


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<= Chemistry GK Part9

Monday, 14 November 2016

Chemistry GK Part9

Chemistry MCQ

Chemistry GK by www.ChemistryNotesInfo.com
This chemistry GK part9 is based on different measuring devices or measuring instruments used in chemistry and science.

Q1. Fuel level is measured by

  • Speedometer
  • Fuel Scale
  • Fuel Meter
  • Fuel Gauge
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q1: Fuel Gauge

Q2. Electricity is measured by
Chemistry mcq

  • Ammeter
  • Galvanometer
  • Amplifier
  • Currentmeter
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q2: Galvanometer

Q3. Volume and density of solids is measured by

  • Dilatometer
  • Caliper
  • Densimeter
  • Gas Pycnometer
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q3: Gas Pycnometer

Q4. ______ is used in measurement of blood glucose (diabetes)

  • Glucometer
  • Blood Glucose Monitor or Glucose Tester
  • Glucose Meter
  • Glucometer or Glucose Meter
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q4: Glucometer and Glucose Meter

Q5. Specific gravity of liquids (density of liquids) is measured by

  • Fathometer
  • Thermometer
  • Hygrometer
  • Hydrometer
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q5: Hydrometer

Q6. ____ device is used to measure humidity

  • Dynamometer
  • Thermometer
  • Hygrometer
  • Hydrometer
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q6: Hygrometer

Q7. _______ is use to measure wave interference

  • Actinometer
  • Elaeometer
  • Interferometer
  • Load Cell
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q7: Interferometer

Q8. Device use to measure composition of gases

  • Heliometer
  • Inkometer
  • Katharometer
  • Lux Meter
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q8: Katharometer

Q9. ______ is use to measure specific gravity of milk

  • Gasometer
  • Lactometer
  • Milk Meter
  • Chemical Tester
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q9: Lactometer

Q10. Light in photography is measured by

  • Light Meter
  • Ellipsometer
  • Photometer
  • Light detector
Ans of Chemistry GK MCQ Question Q10: Light Meter

We publish some chemistry general knowledge question-answer (Chemistry MCQs) to increase your chemical science GK.


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<= Chemistry GK Part8

Sunday, 13 November 2016

Chemistry GK Part8

Chemistry Quiz Questions with Answers - Chemistry GK

Chemistry GK by www.ChemistryNotesInfo.com
This chemistry GK part8 is based on different Chemistry MCQs asked in many competitive exams. 
This chemistry quiz contains chemistry MCQs. These are science most important questions and answers. These science quiz questions and answers are asked in many competitive exams. 

Chemistry General Knowledge MSQs

MCQ-1.  In a crystal, Atoms are located at position of :

  Maximum P.E.
  Minimum P.E.
  Zero P.E.
  Infinite P.E.

MCQ-2.  Which is not a crystalline solid :

  KCl
  CsCl
  Glass
  Rhombic S

MCQ-3.  CsCl on heating to 760K changes into the :

  Liquid
  ZnS Structure
  NaCl Structure
  None of the above

MCQ-4.  Value of the gas constant per degree per mole is approximately equal to :

  1 cal
  2 cal
  3 cal
  4 cal

MCQ-5.  Molarity is expressed as :

  Grams/Litre
  Litres/mole
  Moles/1000gram
  Moles/litre

MCQ-6.  Solubility of a gas in water depends on the :

  Pressure of gas
  Temperature
  Nature of gas
  All of the above

MCQ-7.  A 500gram tooth paste sample has the 0.2 gram fluoride concentration. Then, what is the concentration of F in the terms of ppm level :

  1000
  400
  300
  200

MCQ-8.  Molarity of the pure water is :

  44.6
  55.6
  100
  18

MCQ-9.  Solution that obeys Roults Law is the :

  Saturated
  Unsaturated
  Ideal
  Normal

MCQ-10.  Osmotic pressure of a dilute solution is directly proportional to the :

  Diffusion rate of solute
  Ionic concentration
  Flow of solvent from a concentrated to a dilute solution
  Boiling Point

We publish some chemistry general knowledge question-answer (Chemistry MCQs) to increase your chemical science GK. Science Quiz on Scientific Instruments Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UR9lEVw-ybk
This Science Quiz contains important GK question answers. These MCQ question answers help you to increase your general knowledge. These are important questions asked in many state & central government exams like 
Civil Services Examination
Bank PO
Indian Economic Service Examination
Staff Selection Commission
Combined Defense Services Examination
National Defense Academy Examination
Food Corporation of India Examination
IBPS PO Examination
State Bank of India - Probationary Officers
Joint Entrance Examination
State Govt. Exams
Central Government Exams
NEET
GATE 
CEED
LSAT
XAT 
CAT
UPSC
and many more...


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<= Chemistry GK Part7

Chemistry GK Part7

Chemistry GK

Chemistry General Knowledge

Chemistry GK by www.ChemistryNotesInfo.com

This chemistry GK part7 is based on different chemistry question and answers. These Chemistry GK Questions with Answers contains Chemistry General Knowledge Questions and Answers. Start solving these Chemistry Quiz MCQs.

MCQ-1.  The empirical formula of an acid is the CH2O2 , So its probable molecular formula is :

  C2H4O2   C3H6O4   C2H2O4   CH2O2

MCQ-2.  IF5 has which type of the hybridization :

  sp3d
  sp3d2
  sp3d3
  None of these

MCQ-3.  No. of pairs of the electrons in oxygen molecule is the :

  6
  7
  8
  16

MCQ-4.  Which is the weakest base :

  H-
  CH3-
  CH3O-
  Cl-

MCQ-5.  Which is strongest base :

  Mg(OH)2
  Al(OH)3
  NaOH
  KOH

MCQ-6.  BF3 is acid according to the :

  Bronsted and Lowry
  Lewis
  Arrhenius
  All of the above

MCQ-7.  The strongest oxidizing agent is :

  F2
  Cl2
  Br2
  I2

MCQ-8.  The strongest reducing agent is :

  K
  Mg
  Al
  Br

MCQ-9.  The strongest reducing agent is :

  HNO2
  H2S
  H2SO3
  SnCl2

MCQ-10.  Oxidation state of oxygen atom in the potassium peroxide is the :

  0
  -1/2
  -1
  -2

We publish chemistry general knowledge question and answer (Chemistry MCQs) to increase your chemical science general knowledge (GK).


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<= Chemistry GK Part6

Monday, 7 November 2016

Volumetric Analysis Chemistry Formulas

Volumetric Analysis

Volumetric Analysis is a quantitative chemical analysis method. In Volumetric analysis, we measure the volume of the standard solution (whose concentration is known) to know the unknown concentration of the analyte. Volumetric analysis is also called titrimetric analysis.
Volumetric Analysis - Chemistry Formula - Volumetric Titration
The basic principle of titration is “concentration of a substance in solution is measured by adding the equal amount of equivalents of a substance present in solution of known concentration”. 

Procedure of Volumetric Analysis or Titration

1. First take the material which is to be analyzed then accurately weight it in grams with careful handling and good accuracy at calibrated weighing balance.
2. Now choose a substance which will react completely and rapidly with the analyte (above weighted substance which is to be analyzed), and prepare standard solution (standard solution have known concentration) of this substance.
Titration - Volumetric Analysis
3. Fill burette with standard solution. Add this standard solution (known solution) slowly-slowly to the flask containing analyte (unknown solution). This process is known as titration. Solution present in burette is known as titrant.
4. Continue titration, means adding known solution to unknown solution till reaction completes. Remember reaction completes when all chemical constituents of analyte react with all required chemical constituents of known substance, this point when reaction completes is known as equivalence point. An indicator is added to unknown solution to detect this equivalence point. This indicator helps the chemist to visually identify the end point of titration as at end point (or near end point) indicator changes its color.
5. After getting end point, measure the volume of known standard solution consumed to get end point from burette readings.
6. Now we know the molarity of standard solution, Volume of standard solution, weight in grams of unknown solution, Volume of unknown solution, and we can calculate number of moles of titrant and then we utilize the knowledge of the equation of reaction to get the number of moles of the analyte present in unknown solution.


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Sunday, 6 November 2016

Gravimetric Analysis Chemistry Formulas

Gravimetric Analysis

Gravimetric Analysis is a quantitative chemical analysis method. In gravimetric analysis, we establish relationship between weights of two substances or sometimes establish relationship between weight of a substance with volume of gas or gases.
Gravimetric Analysis - Gravimetric Titration

How to Solve Problems of Gravimetric Analysis for Mass to Mass Relationship

Solve problems of gravimetric analysis for mass to mass relationship as per following instructions,
1. First of all note down the balanced equation that represent the chemical change occur.
2. Then, write the number of moles of the reactants and products below the above balanced equation, then by using respective molecular formula write the relative weights of the substances on reactant side and product side.
3. Then, by using unitary method, calculate the unknown factor.
Now you have Question what is Unitary Method?
Unitary method is math’s technique to get the solution of problem by finding the value of single unit.

How to Solve Problems of Gravimetric Analysis for Mass to Volume Relationship

Solve problems of gravimetric analysis for mass to volume relationship as per following instructions,
1. First of all note down the balanced equation that represent the chemical change occur.
2. Then, write the weights of solid substances on reactant side and product side.
3. Gases are generally not measured in mass so they are measured in volumes. So before getting weight of gas, first check that volume of gas is given at NTP (Normal Temperature and Pressure), STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) or at other temperature and pressure.
4. With the help of ideal gas equation (PV=nRT), we can convert the volume of any gas at any temperature and pressure into its weight and vice-versa.
Ideal Gas Equation,
           PV = nRT
Also,    PV = g/M)×RT     
As mole = weight in gram/ molecular weight.
Where, P is Pressure, V is Volume, n is no. of moles, R is gas constant, T is Temperature, g is Weight in gram, M is Molecular weight.
5. Then, by using unitary method, calculate the unknown factor.

How to Solve Problems of Gravimetric Analysis for Volume to Volume Relationship

Solve problems of gravimetric analysis for volume to volume relationship as per following instructions,
1.    First of all note down the balanced equation that represent the chemical change occurs.
2.    Then, write the volume of the reactants and products below the above balanced equation, or remember “one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters at NTP” then by using this write volume of the gas on reactant side and product side.
Remember,
                STP means “Standard Temperature and Pressure”.
                At STP,
       Pressure = 1 bar = 0.987 atm
mm Temperature = 273 K or 0°C
NTP means “Normal Temperature and Pressure”.
At NTP,
Pressure = 1 atm
Temperature = 293 K or 20°C
3.    We can get volume of gas at NTP with the help of ideal gas equation, if volume of gas is given at other temperature or pressure.
Remember,
        Avogadro’s Law:
                            According to Avogadro’s law “Equal volume of all the gases under same condition of pressure and Temperature contain equal no. of molecules.”
4.    Then, by using unitary method, calculate the unknown factor.

Chemical Arithmetic and Chemical Stoichiometry

Chemical Arithmetic

Chemical Arithmetic and Chemical StoichiometryChemistry is mainly an experimental science, in which we study about physical properties and chemical properties of different substances and measure these properties up to highest possibility with great efforts to get results with great precision and accuracy. Results of our experimental measurements or numerical problems have-
  • Arithmetic number,
  • Unit of measurement.

Chemical Stoichiometry

Chemical stoichiometry is all about the calculation or measurement of relative quantities of the reactants and products involved in any chemical reaction. Stoichiometry utilizes the Law of Conservation of Mass or Principle of Mass Conservation so according to law of conservation of mass, "Matter is neither created nor destroyed". Which means in a chemical reaction, amount of elements remains same in starting when only reactants there and at the completion of the reaction when product formed. We always use the “Law of conservation of mass” when we balance chemical equations. 
Stoichiometry is further divided into two branches, which are-
In Stoichiometry calculations we used different formulas and rules like-

Wednesday, 2 November 2016

Chemical Test

Chemical Test

In Chemistry, Chemical Test are performed to measure or analyze Biochemical, Organic and Inorganic elements and chemical compounds. Chemical testing of water, chemical composition analysis of any compound, chemical test for organic compounds, chemical test for inorganic compounds, chemical test for functional groups, elemental analysis, chemical testing of food for its ingredients and to detect presence of any sort of insecticide pesticide in it, chemical test perform in chemistry labs etc are the some examples where we perform chemical tests. Now we think you have now somewhat idea to give answer of question what is chemical test?
chemical tests

What is Chemical Test


In the scientific field of chemistry, chemical tests are the methods to detect the presence and amount of chemical compound or chemical group with the help of some chemicals or reagent. Chemical tests are performed according to chemical testing methods in chemical testing labs for elemental analysis and chemical composition analysis.

Chemical Test Definition

Chemical test is a qualitative or quantitative method intended to confirm the presence and amount of a chemical compound or chemical group with the help of chemicals or specific reagent.

Chemical Testing Methods


Chemical testing methods are step by step procedure to perform some sort of chemical tests. These procedures are written and proven for its quality testing to deliver results with high accuracy. Generally chemical testing labs have SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures), these SOPs provide step by step guidance to a chemist to perform specific test.

Chemical Analysis Methods

Their are so many chemical analysis methods, below is the list of some of them-

Acid Test 

                Test which are performed with the help of acids like Acid Test of Gold.

Barfoed's Test 

                      It is a chemical test performed to detect the presence of monosaccharides in the sample

Bromine Test 

                  In organic chemistry, It is a qualitative test to detect the presence of unsaturation ( means carbon-to-carbon double bonds or carbon-to-carbon triple bonds) and phenols.

Carbylamine Reaction

It is also known as Hoffman's Isocyanide Test. This chemical test is performed to detect primary amines.

Flame Test

                In inorganic chemistry, Flame test is performed to detect metals, elements or chemical compounds as they produce some characteristic colors.

Test

Test

What is Test

Test is a method to know about knowledge and ability of person giving test. Test meaning assessment about knowledge of someone on some topics related to test.
Definition of Test

Test Definition

In short and simple way, we can say that, "Test is measure of knowledge and ability"

Their is so many tests which we can face in our life like classroom tests to know your knowledge about your study subjects, chemical test for chemical analysis, medical tests for medical fitness and disease diagnosis, physical tests, mental test, IQ test etc.

Chemical Test

In Chemistry, Chemical Test are performed to measure or analyze Biochemical, Organic and Inorganic elements and chemical compounds. Chemical testing of water, chemical composition analysis of any compound, chemical test for organic compounds, chemical test for inorganic compounds, chemical test for functional groups, elemental analysis, chemical testing of food for its ingredients and to detect presence of any sort of insecticide pesticide in it, chemical test perform in chemistry labs etc are the some examples where we perform chemical tests. READ MORE... 

Chemistry All Formulas

Tuesday, 1 November 2016

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

What is Periodic Table ?

Periodic table is arrangement of chemical elements in the form of table. According to order of their atomic number, electronic configuration or chemical properties.

Why we need Periodic Table ?

Their was more than 115 elements have been discovered, which need to be arranged systematically.

How scientists arranged elements in Periodic Table ?

Scientists work hard to arrange elements in periodic table, today's periodic table is the result of different historical arrangements... 

History of classification of elements

     1.     Prout’s Hypothesis – 1815
     2.     Dobereiner’s Triads – 1829
     3.     Newland’s Law of Octaves – 1863
     4.     Lother Meyer Curves – 1869
     5.     Mendeleev’s Periodic Table – 1869
     6.     Modern Periodic Laws of Moseley -1913 
     7.     Modern Periodic Table ( of 18 columns ) 
  

Prout’s Hypothesis

                              According to this hypothesis atomic mass of elements is multiple of mass of hydrogenatom. So elements are related to each other on the basis of their atomic masses. It fails due to the reason that some elements do not have atomic mass in whole no. (Like chlorine have atomic mass of 35.5).

Dobereiner’s Triads

                                According to Dobereiner’s triads elements arranged in the group of three elements so that atomic mass of central element is appropriate mean of 1st and 3rd element. These groups of three elements are known as Dobereiner’s triads.
Example-
Element                                                           
 Li                Na                  K
Atomic Mass                                              
7                 23                  39
Mean of Atomic Masses of 1st and 3rd elements  is (7+39)/2  =   46/2   =  23

Newland’s Law of Octaves

According to Newland’s Law of Octaves elements arranged in the group of 8 elements and every 8th element is similar to the 1st element.
Li         Be         B        C          N         O           F
Na        Mg       Al        Si         P          S          Cl 


Lother Meyer Curves

                                       In 1869, Lother Meyer derived following conclusion by obtaining information from graph between the atomic weight at x-axis and atomic volume at y-axis.
      1.     Elements which have similar properties found on the same position on the graph curves.
      2.     All alkali metals like Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr found at highest peak of curve.
      3.     Halogens like F, Cl, Br and I are found on ascending portion of curve.
      4.     Alkaline earth metals like Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra are found on descending portion of curve.
      5.     Elements which do not melt easily like Be, B, C, Al, Si, Cu etc. are found at lowest point of curve.
On the basis of above conclusions Lother Meyer give periodic Law:
                                                                                                  According to Lother Meyer periodic law – “Atomic volume of elements are periodic function of their atomic weights”.

Periodic Table

                        To classify elements a chart is prepared in which elements are arranged in rows and columns. These elements are arranged in table in such a way that the elements with similar properties are repeat after some intervals; also elements with similar properties are put in same column below one another. In periodic table vertical columns are called group while horizontal rows are called periods. In periodic table this repetition of properties in regular interval is known as periodicity. Read below chemistry notes of periodic table like Mendeleev periodic table, Mosley periodic table, Modern periodic table etc.

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

                                                In Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, Mendeleev classify elements according to their atomic masses and arranged these elements in table according to their increasing order of atomic masses.

Mendeleev’s Periodic Law

                                                According to Mendeleev’s Periodic Law – “Physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic masses”.
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table contains seven horizontal rows known as periods and nine vertical columns known as groups.

Modern Periodic Table

                                   Moseley in 1913, after doing many experiments comes to a conclusion that the elements should be arranged as per their atomic no. and not according to atomic masses. As atomic no. is fundamental property of all elements of periodic table. So Mosley gives a new law which is called is Modern Periodic Law.

Modern Periodic Law

                                According to Modern Periodic Law- “Physical and Chemical properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers”.

Long Form of Periodic Table

                                          Bohr Bury invented new periodic table, which is called as Long Form of Periodic Table. This Long Form of Periodic Table is also known as Modern Periodic Table.

Special features of Modern or Long Form of Periodic Table

These below are Special features of Modern or Long Form of Periodic Table
      I.     18 vertical columns known as groups.
      II.     Horizontal rows known as periods.
     III.     Light metals – These are elements of periodic table of group 1 and 2.
     IV.     Heavy metals or Transition metals - These are elements of periodic table of group 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
     V.     Non-Metals – These are elements of periodic table of group 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
     VI.     Zero group – These are elements of periodic table of group 18.

Periodic table of elements

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