Polymer & Polymerization
Condensation
Polymer: Nylon-6-6, Terylene.
Addition Polymer: Polythene,
Neoprene.
Polymer Classification
Polymer Classification on the basis of Source:
1. Natural Polymer: Protein,
Cellulose, Rubber.
2. Semi-synthetic
Polymer: Cellulose Derivatives as cellulose acetate (Rayon), Cellulose Nitrate.
3. Synthetic Polymer: Plastic
(Polyethene), Synthetic Fibers ( Nylon 6-6), Buna-S.
Polymer Classification on the basis of Structure:
1. Linear Polymer:
High Density Polythene, Polyvinyl Chloride.
2. Branched Chain
Polymer: Low Density Polythene.
3. Cross Linked or Network Polymer: Bakelite,
Melamine.
Polymer Classification on the basis of Molecular Forces:
1. Elastomers: Weak
intermolecular forces. eg.- Natural Rubber, Synthetic Rubber.
2. Fibers: Strong
intermolecular forces. eg.- Polyamides (Nylon6-6), Polyesters (Terylene).
3. Thermoplastic:
Polythene, Polystyrene.
4. Thermosetting:
Bakelite, Urea Formaldehyde Resins.
Lower Density
Polyethene (L.D.P.) : prepared at
1000-2000 atm pressure, 350-570 Kelvin Temperature and O2 peroxide
inhibitor.
Higher Density
Polyethene (H.D.P.) : prepared at 6-7
atm pressure, 333-343 Kelvin Temperature and Zieglar Natta Catalyst.
Polymers
|
Monomers
|
Monomer Formula
|
Use
|
1. Teflon
|
Tetrafluroethene
|
CF2=CF2
|
Oil seals, Gasket
|
2. Polyacrylonitrile
|
Acrylonitrile
|
 |
Commercial Fibers
|
3. Terylene or Decron
|
Ethylene Glycol
Teryphthalic Acid
|
HOCH2-CH2OH
 |
Commercial Fibers
|
4. Nylon 6,6
And
5. Nylon 6
|
Hexamethylene-diamine
Adipic Acid
Caprolactum
|
NH2(CH2)6NH2
HOOC(CH2)4COOH
 |
Making Sheets, bristles of brushes, textile industry, tyre cords,
fabrics, ropes etc.
|
6. Phenol
Formaldehyde Polymer
|
|||
i.
Novolac
|
Phenol + Formaldehyde
|
HCHO
|
Used in paints
|
ii.
Bakelite
|
Phenol + Formaldehyde
|
HCHO
|
Comb, Electric switches
|
7. Malamine
Formaldehyde Polymer
|
Malamine + Formaldehyde
|
HCHO
|
Unbreakable crockery
|
8. Buna S
|
1,3-Butadiene + Styrene
|
CH2=CH-CH=CH2
 |
Auto tyres, cables insulation, floor tiles
|
