Discovering the Elements: A Comprehensive Table of the Periodic Table with Discovery Details

 Discovering the Elements: A Comprehensive Table of the Periodic Table with Discovery Details

Let's explore a detailed table of the periodic elements, from Hydrogen to Oganesson, with key information about their discovery. This comprehensive table includes atomic numbers, discoverers, discovery years, countries, states at room temperature, atomic masses, and electronic configurations. Dive into the history and scientific knowledge behind each element and their significance in the world of chemistry and physics. 

Periodic table of all elements from atomic number 1 to 118 i.e. from Hydrogen to Oganesson. Perfect for scientists, educators, students, book lovers, and science enthusiasts!

Periodic Table with Discovery Details

Atomic No.

Element Name

Discovered by

Discovered in Year

Discovered in Country

State at Room Temperature

Atomic Mass (amu)

Electronic Configuration

1

Hydrogen

Henry Cavendish

1766

United Kingdom

Gas

1.008

1s¹

2

Helium

Pierre Janssen & Norman Lockyer

1895

France & United Kingdom

Gas

4.0026

1s²

3

Lithium

Johan August Arfvedson

1817

Sweden

Solid

6.94

[He] 2s¹

4

Beryllium

Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin

1798

France

Solid

9.0122

[He] 2s²

5

Boron

Sir Humphry Davy & Gay-Lussac

1808

United Kingdom & France

Solid

10.81

[He] 2s² 2p¹

6

Carbon

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

12.011

[He] 2s² 2p²

7

Nitrogen

Daniel Rutherford

1772

United Kingdom

Gas

14.007

[He] 2s² 2p³

8

Oxygen

Joseph Priestley & Carl Scheele

1774

United Kingdom & Sweden

Gas

15.999

[He] 2s² 2p⁴

9

Fluorine

Henri Moissan

1886

France

Gas

18.998

[He] 2s² 2p⁵

10

Neon

Sir William Ramsay & Morris Travers

1898

United Kingdom

Gas

20.180

[He] 2s² 2p⁶

11

Sodium

Sir Humphry Davy

1807

United Kingdom

Solid

22.990

[Ne] 3s¹

12

Magnesium

Joseph Black

1755

United Kingdom

Solid

24.305

[Ne] 3s²

13

Aluminum

Hans Christian Ørsted

1825

Denmark

Solid

26.982

[Ne] 3s² 3p¹

14

Silicon

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

1824

Sweden

Solid

28.085

[Ne] 3s² 3p²

15

Phosphorus

Hennig Brand

1669

Germany

Solid

30.974

[Ne] 3s² 3p³

16

Sulfur

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

32.06

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

17

Chlorine

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

1774

Sweden

Gas

35.45

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵

18

Argon

Lord Rayleigh & Sir William Ramsay

1894

United Kingdom

Gas

39.948

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁶

19

Potassium

Sir Humphry Davy

1807

United Kingdom

Solid

39.098

[Ar] 4s¹

20

Calcium

Sir Humphry Davy

1808

United Kingdom

Solid

40.078

[Ar] 4s²

21

Scandium

Lars Fredrik Nilson

1879

Sweden

Solid

44.956

[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²

22

Titanium

William Gregor

1791

United Kingdom

Solid

47.867

[Ar] 3d² 4s²

23

Vanadium

Andrés Manuel del Río

1801

Mexico

Solid

50.942

[Ar] 3d³ 4s²

24

Chromium

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

1797

France

Solid

51.996

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹

25

Manganese

Johan Gottlieb Gahn

1774

Sweden

Solid

54.938

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²

26

Iron

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

55.845

[Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²

27

Cobalt

Georg Brandt

1735

Sweden

Solid

58.933

[Ar] 3d⁷ 4s²

28

Nickel

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

1751

Sweden

Solid

58.693

[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²

29

Copper

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

63.546

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹

30

Zinc

Andreas Sigismund Marggraf

1746

Germany

Solid

65.38

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²

31

Gallium

Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

1875

France

Solid

69.723

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

32

Germanium

Clemens Winkler

1886

Germany

Solid

72.63

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²

33

Arsenic

Albertus Magnus

1250

Germany

Solid

74.922

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³

34

Selenium

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

1817

Sweden

Solid

78.971

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴

35

Bromine

Antoine-Jérôme Balard

1826

France

Liquid

79.904

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵

36

Krypton

Sir William Ramsay & Morris Travers

1898

United Kingdom

Gas

83.798

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶

37

Rubidium

Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchhoff

1861

Germany

Solid

85.468

[Kr] 5s¹

38

Strontium

Adair Crawford

1790

United Kingdom

Solid

87.62

[Kr] 5s²

39

Yttrium

Johan Gadolin

1794

Finland

Solid

88.906

[Kr] 4d¹ 5s²

40

Zirconium

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

1789

Germany

Solid

91.224

[Kr] 4d² 5s²

41

Niobium

Charles Hatchett

1801

United Kingdom

Solid

92.906

[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹

42

Molybdenum

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

1778

Sweden

Solid

95.95

[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹

43

Technetium

Carlo Perrier & Emilio Segrè

1937

Italy

Solid (synthetic)

98

[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²

44

Ruthenium

Karl Ernst Claus

1844

Russia

Solid

101.07

[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹

45

Rhodium

William Hyde Wollaston

1803

United Kingdom

Solid

102.91

[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹

46

Palladium

William Hyde Wollaston

1803

United Kingdom

Solid

106.42

[Kr] 4d¹⁰

47

Silver

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

107.87

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

48

Cadmium

Friedrich Stromeyer

1817

Germany

Solid

112.41

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²

49

Indium

Ferdinand Reich & Hieronymous Richter

1863

Germany

Solid

114.82

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹

50

Tin

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

118.71

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²

51

Antimony

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

121.76

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³

52

Tellurium

Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein

1782

Romania

Solid

127.60

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴

53

Iodine

Bernard Courtois

1811

France

Solid

126.90

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵

54

Xenon

Sir William Ramsay & Morris Travers

1898

United Kingdom

Gas

131.29

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶

55

Cesium

Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchhoff

1860

Germany

Solid

132.91

[Xe] 6s¹

56

Barium

Carl Scheele

1772

Sweden

Solid

137.33

[Xe] 6s²

57

Lanthanum

Carl Gustaf Mosander

1839

Sweden

Solid

138.91

[Xe] 5d¹ 6s²

58

Cerium

Martin Heinrich Klaproth & others

1803

Germany & Sweden

Solid

140.12

[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²

59

Praseodymium

Carl Auer von Welsbach

1885

Austria

Solid

140.91

[Xe] 4f³ 6s²

60

Neodymium

Carl Auer von Welsbach

1885

Austria

Solid

144.24

[Xe] 4f⁴ 6s²

61

Promethium

Chien Shiung Wu & others

1945

United States

Solid (synthetic)

145

[Xe] 4f⁵ 6s²

62

Samarium

Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

1879

France

Solid

150.36

[Xe] 4f⁶ 6s²

63

Europium

Eugène-Anatole Demarçay

1901

France

Solid

151.96

[Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²

64

Gadolinium

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

1880

Switzerland

Solid

157.25

[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²

65

Terbium

Carl Gustaf Mosander

1843

Sweden

Solid

158.93

[Xe] 4f⁹ 6s²

66

Dysprosium

Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

1886

France

Solid

162.50

[Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s²

67

Holmium

Per Teodor Cleve & Marc Delafontaine

1878

Sweden & Switzerland

Solid

164.93

[Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s²

68

Erbium

Carl Gustaf Mosander

1842

Sweden

Solid

167.26

[Xe] 4f¹² 6s²

69

Thulium

Per Teodor Cleve

1879

Sweden

Solid

168.93

[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²

70

Ytterbium

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

1878

Switzerland

Solid

173.05

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s²

71

Lutetium

Georges Urbain & Carl Auer von Welsbach

1907

France & Austria

Solid

174.97

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s²

72

Hafnium

Dirk Coster & George de Hevesy

1923

Denmark

Solid

178.49

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

73

Tantalum

Anders Ekeberg

1802

Sweden

Solid

180.95

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s²

74

Tungsten

Juan José & Fausto Elhuyar

1783

Spain

Solid

183.84

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²

75

Rhenium

Masataka Ogawa

1908

Japan

Solid

186.21

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s²

76

Osmium

Smithson Tennant

1803

United Kingdom

Solid

190.23

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s²

77

Iridium

Smithson Tennant

1803

United Kingdom

Solid

192.22

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s²

78

Platinum

Antonio de Ulloa

1735

Spain

Solid

195.08

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹

79

Gold

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

196.97

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹

80

Mercury

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Liquid

200.59

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²

81

Thallium

William Crookes

1861

United Kingdom

Solid

204.38

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹

82

Lead

Ancient civilizations

Prehistory

Not Applicable

Solid

207.2

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²

83

Bismuth

Claude Geoffroy the Younger

1753

France

Solid

208.98

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

84

Polonium

Marie Curie & Pierre Curie

1898

France

Solid

209

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴

85

Astatine

Dale R. Corson & others

1940

United States

Solid (synthetic)

210

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵

86

Radon

Friedrich Ernst Dorn

1900

Germany

Gas

222

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶

87

Francium

Marguerite Perey

1939

France

Solid (synthetic)

223

[Rn] 7s¹

88

Radium

Marie Curie & Pierre Curie

1898

France

Solid

226

[Rn] 7s²

89

Actinium

Friedrich Oskar Giesel

1899

Germany

Solid

227

[Rn] 6d¹ 7s²

90

Thorium

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

1828

Sweden

Solid

232.04

[Rn] 6d² 7s²

91

Protactinium

Otto Hahn & Lise Meitner

1917

Germany

Solid

231.04

[Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²

92

Uranium

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

1789

Germany

Solid

238.03

[Rn] 5f³ 6d¹ 7s²

93

Neptunium

Edwin McMillan & Philip Abelson

1940

United States

Solid

237

[Rn] 5f⁴ 6d¹ 7s²

94

Plutonium

Glenn T. Seaborg & others

1940

United States

Solid

244

[Rn] 5f⁶ 7s²

95

Americium

Glenn T. Seaborg & others

1944

United States

Solid

243

[Rn] 5f⁷ 7s²

96

Curium

Glenn T. Seaborg & others

1944

United States

Solid

247

[Rn] 5f⁷ 6d¹ 7s²

97

Berkelium

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

1949

United States

Solid

247

[Rn] 5f⁹ 7s²

98

Californium

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

1950

United States

Solid

251

[Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²

99

Einsteinium

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

1952

United States

Solid

252

[Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s²

100

Fermium

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

1952

United States

Solid

257

[Rn] 5f¹² 7s²

101

Mendelevium

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

1955

United States

Solid

258

[Rn] 5f¹³ 7s²

102

Nobelium

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

1966

Soviet Union

Solid

259

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s²

103

Lawrencium

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

1961

United States

Solid

262

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹

104

Rutherfordium

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

1964

Soviet Union

Solid (synthetic)

267

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s²

105

Dubnium

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

1967

Soviet Union

Solid (synthetic)

270

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²

106

Seaborgium

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

1974

Soviet Union & United States

Solid (synthetic)

271

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s²

107

Bohrium

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

1981

Germany

Solid (synthetic)

270

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s²

108

Hassium

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

1984

Germany

Solid (synthetic)

277

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s²

109

Meitnerium

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

1982

Germany

Solid (synthetic)

278

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁷ 7s²

110

Darmstadtium

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

1994

Germany

Solid (synthetic)

281

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁸ 7s²

111

Roentgenium

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

1994

Germany

Solid (synthetic)

282

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s²

112

Copernicium

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

1996

Germany

Solid (synthetic)

285

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s²

113

Nihonium

RIKEN

2004

Japan

Solid (synthetic)

286

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹

114

Flerovium

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

1999

Russia

Solid (synthetic)

289

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p²

115

Moscovium

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

2003

Russia

Solid (synthetic)

290

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p³

116

Livermorium

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

2000

Russia

Solid (synthetic)

293

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴

117

Tennessine

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

2010

Russia & United States

Solid (synthetic)

294

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁵

118

Oganesson

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

2002

Russia

Solid (synthetic)

294

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶




Discovering the Elements: A Comprehensive Table of the Periodic Table with Discovery Details



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